Built for demanding Industrial Applications. Explore Manganese Steel Casting solutions from Bhanu Special Castings.
Manganese steel castings are wear-resistant components manufactured from high-manganese alloy steel, typically designed for applications involving repeated impact, crushing, compression and abrasive contact.
Conventional Hadfield steel generally contains approximately 11–14% manganese and 1.0–1.4% carbon, with exact chemistry depending on the selected material grade.
Following appropriate solution heat treatment and rapid cooling, the material develops a predominantly austenitic microstructure. Its distinguishing characteristic is the ability to increase surface hardness through plastic deformation during service.
PART 6 ───
Select a country to explore its manganese steel grades and indicative chemical composition.
INDIA — STANDARD-WISE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
| Grade | C % | Si % | Mn % | P % | S % | Cr % | Mo % | Ni % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | 1.05–1.35 | ≤1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | — | — | — |
| Grade 2 | 0.90–1.05 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | — | — | — |
| Grade 3 | 1.05–1.35 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | 1.5–2.5 | — | — |
| Grade 4 | 0.70–1.30 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | — | — | 3.0–5.0 |
| Grade 5 | 1.05–1.45 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | — | 1.8–2.1 | — |
| Grade 6 | 1.05–1.35 | 0.30–0.90 | 16.0–19.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | — | — | — |
| Grade 7 | 1.05–1.35 | 0.30–0.90 | 16.0–19.0 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.025 | 1.5–2.5 | — | — |
Maximum limits are marked ≤. For Grades 1 and 3, a minimum Mn:C ratio of 10:1 is desirable. Dashes indicate no specified addition in Table 1, not zero content. Grade selection depends on section size and agreement with the purchaser. Source: IS 276:2000, Table 1.
| Grade | C % | Si % | Mn % | P % | S % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | 0.18–0.25 | ≤0.60 | 1.20–1.60 | ≤0.050 | ≤0.050 |
| Grade 2 | 0.25–0.33 | ≤0.60 | 1.20–1.60 | ≤0.050 | ≤0.050 |
| Grade 3 | 0.25–0.33 | ≤0.60 | 1.20–1.60 | ≤0.050 | ≤0.050 |
Residual-element maxima (%): Cu 0.30; Ni 0.40; Cr 0.30; Mo + W 0.25; their total 1.00. This is a separate general-engineering material family, distinct from IS 276 austenitic manganese wear steel. Grades 2 and 3 share chemical limits but have different mechanical requirements. Source: IS 2708:1993, Table 1 and Clause 8.4.
| Element | Part A — CMS (%) | Part B — WCMS (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 1.00–1.40 | 0.95–1.30 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.50 | ≤0.65 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 11.0–14.0 | 11.5–14.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.060 | ≤0.050 |
| Sulphur (S) | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 |
| Nickel (Ni) | — | ≤1.75 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | — | ≤0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr) | — | ≤0.50 |
| Copper (Cu) | — | ≤0.30 |
| Aluminium (Al) | — | ≤0.045 |
Mn:C must be at least 10:1 for both categories. WCMS: no deliberate addition of other alloying elements; total unspecified elements ≤1.00%. A dash means no individual limit listed in Part A, Clause 4.1. These are crossing categories, not IS 276 grade numbers. Source: IRS T-29 (Revised 2024).
| Grade | C % | Mn % | Si % | P % | Cr % | Ni % | Mo % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1.05–1.35 | ≥11.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | — |
| B-1 | 0.90–1.05 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | — |
| B-2 | 1.05–1.20 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | — |
| B-3 | 1.12–1.28 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | — |
| B-4 | 1.20–1.35 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | — |
| C | 1.05–1.35 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | 1.5–2.5 | — | — |
| D | 0.70–1.30 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | 3.0–4.0 | — |
| E-1 | 0.70–1.30 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | 0.9–1.2 |
| E-2 | 1.05–1.45 | 11.5–14.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | 1.8–2.1 |
| F | 1.05–1.45 | 6.0–8.0 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.07 | — | — | 0.9–1.2 |
ⓘ Reference values carried over from your JSX draft, not yet fully validated against the official standards. Use the authorized edition for contractual chemical composition limits.
| Designation | Material No. | C % | Si % | Mn % | P % | S % | Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-X 120 Mn 13 | 1.3401 | 1.10–1.30 | ≤0.50 | 12.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | ≤0.04 | — |
| G-X 120 MnCr 13-2 | — | 1.10–1.30 | ≤0.50 | 12.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | ≤0.04 | Cr: 1.5–2.5 |
| G-X 120 MnMo 7-1 | — | 0.80–1.00 | ≤0.50 | 6.0–8.0 | ≤0.07 | ≤0.04 | Mo: 0.9–1.2 |
| G-X 120 MnNi 13-3 | — | 0.70–1.00 | ≤0.50 | 12.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | ≤0.04 | Ni: 3.0–4.0 |
ⓘ Reference values carried over from your JSX draft, not yet fully validated against the official standards. Use the authorized edition for contractual chemical composition limits.
| Grade | C % | Si % | Mn % | P % | S % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZGMn13-1 | 1.05–1.35 | 0.30–0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | General grade |
| ZGMn13-2 | 1.05–1.35 | 0.30–0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | Controlled chemistry |
| ZGMn13-3 | 0.75–1.05 | 0.30–0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | Lower carbon |
| ZGMn13-4 | 0.90–1.20 | 0.30–0.60 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | Impact applications |
| ZGMn13Cr2 | 1.00–1.30 | 0.30–0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | Cr-modified |
| ZGMn13MoRe | 0.90–1.30 | 0.30–0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.04 | Mo / RE modified |
ⓘ Reference values carried over from your JSX draft, not yet fully validated against the official standards. Use the authorized edition for contractual chemical composition limits.
| Grade | C % | Si % | Mn % | P % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCMnH1 | 0.90–1.05 | ≤0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | Standard grade |
| SCMnH2 | 1.05–1.20 | ≤0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | Standard Hadfield |
| SCMnH3 | 1.20–1.35 | ≤0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | Higher carbon |
| SCMnH11 | 1.05–1.20 | ≤0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | Chromium-modified |
| SCMnH21 | 0.70–1.10 | ≤0.80 | 11.0–14.0 | ≤0.07 | Molybdenum-modified |
ⓘ Reference values carried over from your JSX draft, not yet fully validated against the official standards. Use the authorized edition for contractual chemical composition limits.
PART 7 ───
OUR PRODUCTS & SUBPRODUCTS
Manganese steel castings are widely used in crushing, mining, quarrying and material-processing equipment. Each application requires components with suitable geometry, alloy chemistry, dimensional accuracy and wear characteristics.
Our product classification helps customers identify individual components and submit enquiries with their equipment specifications.
01Jaw crusher wear components are designed to withstand compressive forces and repeated impact during primary crushing operations.
Mn13, Mn18 and modified grades, subject to application and component specifications.
02Cone crusher wear components form the crushing chamber and are exposed to compression, abrasion and repeated material contact.
Mn13, Mn18, Mn18Cr2 and other application-specific alloys.
03Gyratory crusher components are used in large-capacity crushing equipment, particularly in mining and mineral processing.
High-manganese and modified manganese steel grades selected according to loading and wear conditions.
04Impact crusher components experience high-speed contact with feed material and require careful alloy selection.
Manganese steel where impact conditions justify its use; high-chromium iron and martensitic steel are alternative materials for many blow-bar applications.
05Hammer mill components are subjected to repetitive impact during size reduction of minerals and other industrial materials.
High-manganese steel for suitable impact applications; other wear-resistant alloys may be required depending on the equipment.
06Roll crusher wear parts support controlled material reduction through compression and, in some designs, shearing action.
Application-dependent manganese steel or alternative wear alloys.
07Grinding mill liners protect mill structures and influence the movement of grinding media and processed material.
Manganese steel for suitable duties, along with other cast alloy and engineered liner materials.
08Mining and material-handling systems require components capable of handling impact, abrasive material flow and heavy operating loads.
Manganese steel or alternative wear alloys depending on service conditions.
09Custom Casting Solutions Based on Your Engineering Requirements. Every industrial application has unique loading conditions, equipment geometry and wear challenges. Custom castings can be developed using approved drawings, dimensional specifications, existing patterns or suitable component samples.
Component drawing, equipment model, material grade, approximate weight, quantity, operating conditions and special inspection requirements.
Material selection and inspection requirements agreed against the component application and purchase specification.
Metallurgy • Austenite • Carbides • Grain Structure
The performance of manganese steel is closely related to its internal microstructure. Chemical composition, casting conditions and heat treatment influence the phases and their distribution.
Conventional Hadfield manganese steel should have a predominantly austenitic microstructure after proper heat treatment, providing high toughness, ductility and work-hardening capacity.
Austenite is a face-centred cubic (FCC) structure stabilized by manganese, carbon and other alloying elements. The austenitic matrix provides excellent toughness, ductility and the ability to work-harden under impact.
Carbides may form during solidification and cooling. In the as-cast condition, they can appear within grains or along grain boundaries. Excessive or continuous carbide networks may reduce ductility, so proper solution heat treatment is essential.
Austenite with possible carbide segregation.
Dissolution of suitable carbides.
Retention of the desired austenitic condition.
Manganese steel consists of austenitic grains separated by grain boundaries. Grain size, segregation and grain-boundary phases influence strength, toughness and crack propagation.
Tough, ductile matrix with relatively low initial hardness.
Dislocations accumulate; deformation twinning may occur.
Higher surface hardness while retaining a tough core.
Metallographic examination helps identify undesirable carbide distribution, segregation and grain structure. It supports quality assurance, especially when heat-treatment effectiveness or material condition must be verified.
The microstructure of manganese steel plays a critical role in its toughness, work-hardening behavior and resistance to impact-related wear.
QUALITY ASSURANCE & INSPECTION
A dependable manganese steel casting must meet more than a chemical composition target. Quality also depends on casting soundness, heat treatment, dimensional conformity, surface condition and the inspection requirements agreed with the customer.
Comprehensive inspection and testing help ensure material integrity, dimensional accuracy and consistent performance in service.
Spectrometer testing (OES) to verify manganese, carbon, silicon and other alloying elements against the specified grade.
Verification of critical dimensions, profiles and fitting requirements as per drawings and specifications.
Identification of visible casting defects such as surface cracks, blowholes, misruns and other discontinuities.
Tensile, Brinell hardness and impact testing to evaluate strength, ductility and toughness, where specified.
Dye penetrant, ultrasonic or radiographic testing as applicable, to detect surface and internal discontinuities.
Microstructural verification to assess austenitic structure, grain boundaries, carbide distribution and heat-treatment effectiveness.
Heat numbers and records according to the agreed documentation system, including relevant test reports and certificates.
Testing methods and acceptance criteria depend on the applicable standard, customer specifications and available inspection facilities. Specialized tests may be performed when required.
Specific tests and certificates should be described as available from BSCPL only after confirmation.
REQUEST FOR QUOTATION (RFQ)
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Our team reviews your requirements and suggests suitable grades and options.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
Manganese steel castings are classified under different national and international material standards. These specifications define chemical composition limits, alloy modifications and applicable material requirements.
Understanding these standards helps manufacturers, equipment suppliers and industrial buyers identify suitable grades for their applications.
| Country / Region | Standard | Representative Grade Designations |
|---|---|---|
 India | IS 276:2000 (Austenitic-Manganese Steel Castings) | Grades 1–7 |
| IRS T-29 (Rev. 2024) (Cast Manganese Steel (CMS) Crossings and Weldable Cast Manganese Steel (WCMS) Crossings) | CMS / WCMS railway crossings (product categories) | |
 USA | ASTM A128 / A128M (Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese) | A, B-1 to B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, F |
 Germany | DIN EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13 and alloy variants |
 International / Europe | ISO 13521 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13 and related designations |
 China | GB/T 5680 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | ZGMn13 series; verify selected edition |
 Japan | JIS G 5131 (High Manganese Steel Castings) | SCMnH series |
 United Kingdom | BS EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) BS ISO 13521 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13; historical BS 3100: BW10 |
 France | NF EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) NF A32-058 (Foundry Products — Abrasion Resistant Cast Steels) | GX120Mn13; Z120M12-M and variants |
 Italy | UNI EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13; historical: GX120Mn12 |
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 South Africa | SANS 407 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings; formerly SABS 407) | Austenitic manganese types; verify grade |
 Russia | GOST 977 (Steel Castings — General Specifications) | 110Г13Л (110G13L) and alloy variants |
 Spain | UNE-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13; historical UNE 36253: AM-X120Mn12 |
 Sweden | SS-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13; historical SS 142183: 2183 |
 Norway | NS-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX120Mn13; historical NS 1699 designations |
 South Korea | KS D 4104 (High Manganese Steel Castings) | SCMnH1, SCMnH2, SCMnH3, SCMnH11 |
MATERIAL VARIANTS & ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
Explore conventional manganese alloys, carbide-reinforced composites and specialised material technologies for demanding wear applications.
Tungsten carbide reinforcement incorporated into selected wear zones.
Titanium carbide particles or inserts within a manganese steel matrix.
Combined tungsten and titanium carbide reinforcement technologies.
Modified manganese alloys containing vanadium carbides.
Modified manganese alloys containing niobium carbides.
These technologies include specialised, research and patented routes. Availability, suitability and manufacturing capability require confirmation.
Traditional austenitic manganese steel for impact-loaded wear applications.
Higher-manganese alloy families used for crusher wear components.
Chromium-modified manganese compositions for specified service conditions.
Molybdenum-bearing manganese compositions to an agreed specification.
Nickel-modified austenitic manganese steel compositions.
Combined alloy additions tailored to component and operating requirements.
Commercial grade names are indicative. Exact chemistry, heat treatment and inspection requirements must follow the agreed material specification.
Small controlled alloy additions used in specialised material designs.
Alloy and processing modifications aimed at refining the grain structure.
Controlled carbide or carbonitride precipitation in modified compositions.
Nitrogen-containing manganese alloys developed for specific material requirements.
These technologies include specialised, research and patented routes. Availability, suitability and manufacturing capability require confirmation.
Proprietary manganese wear-steel name, presented for technical reference.
Manufacturer-specific manganese alloy family, presented for technical reference.
Manufacturer-specific manganese grades, including M1, M8 and M9.
Third-party proprietary names are shown for technical reference. They do not imply affiliation or BSCPL supply capability.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
Manganese steel castings are classified under different national and international material standards. These specifications define chemical composition limits, alloy modifications and applicable material requirements.
Understanding these standards helps manufacturers, equipment suppliers and industrial buyers identify suitable grades for their applications.
| Country / Region | Applicable Standards | Grade Designations / Edition Notes |
|---|---|---|
| India | IS 276:2000 (Austenitic-Manganese Steel Castings) | Grade 1; Grade 2; Grade 3; Grade 4; Grade 5; Grade 6; Grade 7. These are the seven grades covered by IS 276. |
| IRS T-29 (Rev. 2024) (Cast Manganese Steel (CMS) Crossings and Weldable Cast Manganese Steel (WCMS) Crossings) | CMS / WCMS railway crossings (product categories). | |
| USA | ASTM A128 / A128M (Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese) | A; B-1; B-2; B-3; B-4; C; D; E-1; E-2; F. |
| Germany | DIN EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| International / Europe | ISO 13521 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| China | GB/T 5680 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | Current edition: complete grade list requires confirmation from GB/T 5680-2023. Historical designations include ZGMn13-1, ZGMn13-2, ZGMn13-3, ZGMn13-4 and alloy-modified ZGMn13 grades; do not treat historical names as a complete current list. |
| Japan | JIS G 5131 (High Manganese Steel Castings) | SCMnH1; SCMnH2; SCMnH3; SCMnH11; SCMnH21; GX100Mn13 (SCMnH2X1); GX120Mn13 (SCMnH2X2); GX120Mn17 (SCMnH4); GX120MnCr13-2 (SCMnH11X); GX120MnCr17-2 (SCMnH12); GX120MnMo7-1 (SCMnH31); GX110MnMo13-1 (SCMnH32); GX90MnMo14 (SCMnH33); GX120MnNi13-3 (SCMnH41). |
| United Kingdom | BS EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) BS ISO 13521 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical reference: BW10; specify the governing edition. |
| France | NF EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) NF A32-058 (Foundry Products — Abrasion Resistant Cast Steels) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). NF A32-058 manganese designations include Z120M12-M, Z120MC12-M, Z110MD12-1-M, Z100MN13-4-M and Z120MC17-2-M; confirm the designation against the selected edition. |
| Italy | UNI EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical UNI designation: GX120Mn12. |
| Australia | AS 2074 (Cast Steels) | H1A; H1B; H1C; H1D. |
| South Africa | SANS 407 (Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings; formerly SABS 407) | Austenitic manganese cast steels and alloy modifications. Complete type/grade list requires confirmation from the controlled SANS 407 text; no unverified type numbers are assigned here. |
| Russia | GOST 977 (Steel Castings — General Specifications) | 110Г13Л (110G13L); 110Г13Х2БРЛ; 110Г13ФТЛ; 130Г14ХМФАЛ; 120Г10ФЛ. |
| Spain | UNE-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical designations: AM-X120Mn12; AM-X120MnCr12-2. |
| Sweden | SS-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical reference: 2183 / 2183-02. |
| Norway | NS-EN 10349 (Steel Castings — Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| South Korea | KS D 4104 (High Manganese Steel Castings) | SCMnH1; SCMnH2; SCMnH3; SCMnH11. Further grade designations and applicable edition must be confirmed from the governing KS specification. KS D 4101 is a carbon-steel casting standard and is not the high-manganese reference. |
Designed to withstand heavy impact and repeated loading in demanding applications.
Surface hardness increases as the material undergoes repeated deformation.
Composition and heat treatment can be selected according to service conditions.
Suitable for many crusher liner profiles and heavy industrial wear components.
PART 3 ───
One of the most valuable properties of austenitic manganese steel is its ability to work-harden. When crushing forces, impact loads or repeated deformation act on a manganese steel component, the surface undergoes strain-hardening. This increases resistance to further deformation and can improve wear performance in suitable service environments.
INITIAL CONDITION185–250 HBW, indicative | Repeated impact | WORK-HARDENED SURFACE400+ HBW possible |
Illustrative hardness ranges, not guaranteed values. Actual work-hardening depends on alloy, impact energy, service conditions and testing method.
☀ Why work-hardening mattersIn jaw crushers, cone crushers and other impact-loaded equipment, manganese steel can develop a hardened working surface while the underlying material retains toughness. This combination helps components resist cracking and deformation while managing abrasive wear. | ⚙ Important ConsiderationManganese steel is not automatically the best material for every abrasive environment. Low-impact sliding abrasion may favor alternative alloys such as high-chromium white iron or hardened alloy steels. |
185–250
HBW, indicative
400+
HBW possible
In impact-loaded crushers, manganese steel develops a harder working surface while retaining a tough core. This combination helps resist cracking, deformation and abrasive wear during service.
Manganese steel is not automatically the best material for every abrasive environment. Low-impact sliding abrasion may favor alternative alloys such as high-chromium white iron or hardened alloy steels.
Key TakeawayHigher manganese content does not always mean better wear life. Correct material selection is more important than choosing the highest alloy percentage. | GRADE SELECTION DEPENDS ON: ⚙ Crusher type ◇ Feed material ✳ Impact energy ▱ Section thickness ⚙ Wear mechanism ▤ Customer specification |
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS & GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
Manganese steel castings are classified under different national and international material standards. These specifications define chemical composition limits, alloy modifications and applicable material requirements.
Understanding these standards helps manufacturers, equipment suppliers and industrial buyers identify suitable grades for their applications.
| Country / Region | Applicable Standards | Grade Designations / Edition Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 🇮🇳 India | IS 276:2000 — Austenitic manganese steel castings | Grade 1; Grade 2; Grade 3; Grade 4; Grade 5; Grade 6; Grade 7. These are the seven grades covered by IS 276. |
| 🇺🇸 USA | ASTM A128/A128M-19(2025) | A; B-1; B-2; B-3; B-4; C; D; E-1; E-2; F. |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | DIN EN 10349:2010-02 (EN 10349:2009) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| 🇪🇺 International / Europe | ISO 13521:2023; EN 10349:2009 | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| 🇨🇳 China | GB/T 5680-2023; historical GB/T 5680-2010 / GB/T 5680-1998 | Current edition: complete grade list requires confirmation from GB/T 5680-2023. Historical designations include ZGMn13-1, ZGMn13-2, ZGMn13-3, ZGMn13-4 and alloy-modified ZGMn13 grades; do not treat historical names as a complete current list. |
| 🇯🇵 Japan | JIS G 5131:2008 | SCMnH1; SCMnH2; SCMnH3; SCMnH11; SCMnH21; GX100Mn13 (SCMnH2X1); GX120Mn13 (SCMnH2X2); GX120Mn17 (SCMnH4); GX120MnCr13-2 (SCMnH11X); GX120MnCr17-2 (SCMnH12); GX120MnMo7-1 (SCMnH31); GX110MnMo13-1 (SCMnH32); GX90MnMo14 (SCMnH33); GX120MnNi13-3 (SCMnH41). |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | BS EN 10349:2009; BS ISO 13521:2023. Historical: BS 3100 BW series | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical reference: BW10; specify the governing edition. |
| 🇫🇷 France | NF EN 10349; NF A32-058:2019 (broader abrasion-resistant cast-steel specification) | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). NF A32-058 manganese designations include Z120M12-M, Z120MC12-M, Z110MD12-1-M, Z100MN13-4-M and Z120MC17-2-M; confirm the designation against the selected edition. |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | UNI EN 10349; historical UNI 3160 | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical UNI designation: GX120Mn12. |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | AS 2074:2003 — Austenitic manganese steel casting grades | H1A; H1B; H1C; H1D. |
| 🇿🇦 South Africa | SANS 407:2008 (formerly SABS 407) | Austenitic manganese cast steels and alloy modifications. Complete type/grade list requires confirmation from the controlled SANS 407 text; no unverified type numbers are assigned here. |
| 🇷🇺 Russia | GOST 977-88 — Wear-resistant cast-steel grades | 110Г13Л (110G13L); 110Г13Х2БРЛ; 110Г13ФТЛ; 130Г14ХМФАЛ; 120Г10ФЛ. |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | UNE-EN 10349:2011; historical UNE 36253:1971 | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical designations: AM-X120Mn12; AM-X120MnCr12-2. |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | SS-EN 10349:2009; superseded SS 142183 | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425). Historical reference: 2183 / 2183-02. |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | NS-EN 10349:2009; historical NS 1699:1969 | GX100Mn13 (1.3406); GX120Mn13 (1.3802); GX120Mn18 (1.3407); GX120MnCr13-2 (1.3410); GX120MnCr18-2 (1.3411); GX120MnMo7-1 (1.3415); GX110MnMo13-1 (1.3416); GX90MnMo14 (1.3417); GX120MnNi13-3 (1.3425) |
| 🇰🇷 South Korea | KS D 4104 — High manganese steel castings | SCMnH1; SCMnH2; SCMnH3; SCMnH11. Further grade designations and applicable edition must be confirmed from the governing KS specification. KS D 4101 is a carbon-steel casting standard and is not the high-manganese reference. |
ⓘ Grade names are specification references, not automatic equivalents or a statement of BSCPL certification. Current and historical designations are identified separately. The selected standard edition, chemistry, heat treatment and purchase specification govern acceptance. This is an expanded reference, not an exhaustive catalogue of every national or customer-specific specification. China and South Africa complete lists, and additional Korean grades, remain to be verified.
India scope: IS 2708 covers 1.5% manganese steel castings for general engineering and is a separate material family from the austenitic manganese wear castings covered by IS 276.
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FROM ENGINEERING TO DISPATCH How Manganese Steel Castings | Manufacturing high-quality manganese steel castings requires coordination between pattern development, mould preparation, melting, metallurgical control, heat treatment and final inspection. The process below is a proposed technical workflow. Specific BSCPL production procedures should be confirmed internally before describing them as universal company practice. |
01 ▤ Engineering Review & Material SelectionEvaluate the component drawing, operating conditions, dimensions, wear mechanism and customer requirements to identify the appropriate casting material. | 02 ▱ Pattern DevelopmentDevelop or inspect patterns according to component geometry, casting allowances, machining requirements and moulding method. | 03 ⚙ Moulding & Core PreparationPrepare moulds and cores using suitable moulding materials and processes, taking account of casting size, shape and surface-finish requirements. | 04 ♨ Charge Preparation & MeltingSelect and calculate the metallic charge and alloy additions. Melt the charge under controlled conditions appropriate for the selected manganese steel composition. |
05 ⚗ Chemical Composition VerificationEvaluate molten-metal chemistry against the applicable material specification and make permitted adjustments before casting. | 06 ↘ Molten Metal PouringPour molten steel into prepared moulds using a suitable pouring practice that considers temperature, casting geometry and mould requirements. | 07 ♨ Solidification, Cooling & ShakeoutAllow the casting to solidify and cool according to the established production procedure before removing the moulding material. | 08 ⚒ Fettling & Preliminary FinishingRemove gating and riser material where appropriate, clean the casting and perform preliminary finishing operations. |
09 ≋ Solution Heat Treatment & Water QuenchingApply the grade-appropriate solution treatment and rapid quenching process to develop the required austenitic structure and toughness. Exact temperatures, soaking times and cooling practices depend on the specification and casting section. | 10 ☑ Quality Inspection & TestingInspect the finished casting against applicable chemical, dimensional, visual and other agreed acceptance requirements. | 11 ▣ Final Finishing, Identification & DispatchComplete any specified machining, finishing, marking, documentation and packaging before delivery. |
ⓘ This is a general technical workflow for manganese steel castings. Items should be marked as BSCPL practice only after confirmation from the company’s production or catalogue records.
PART 9 ───── Mechanical & Physical Properties Typical Properties of |
| Property | Indicative value / characteristic |
|---|---|
| Conventional manganese content | Approximately 11–14% |
| Conventional carbon content | Approximately 1.0–1.4% |
| Ultimate tensile strength | Approximately 650–1,000 MPa |
| Yield strength | Approximately 350–450 MPa |
| Elongation | Approximately 20–50% |
| Elastic modulus | Approximately 190–210 GPa |
| Initial hardness | Approximately 185–250 HBW |
| Work-hardened surface hardness | Can exceed 400 HBW |
| Microstructure | Predominantly austenitic after suitable heat treatment |
| Impact resistance | High under appropriate service conditions |
| Ductility | Grade- and process-dependent |
| Magnetic behavior | Generally low magnetic response in fully austenitic condition |
| Density | Approximately 7.8–7.9 g/cm³ |
| Heat treatment | Grade-appropriate solution treatment and rapid quenching |
ⓘ General engineering reference only. These are not guaranteed BSCPL test results or contractual minimum properties.
EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS
Alloying elements influence the structure, mechanical properties and wear behaviour of manganese steel castings.
C Carbon (C)Influences strength, work-hardening behavior, carbide formation and toughness. | Mn Manganese (Mn)Stabilizes the austenitic structure and contributes to the characteristic behavior of Hadfield steel. |
Cr Chromium (Cr)Used in modified compositions to influence wear and deformation characteristics. | Mo Molybdenum (Mo)May improve selected properties and assist alloy design for demanding casting sections. |
Ni Nickel (Ni)An austenite-stabilizing addition used in certain specialized compositions. | P Phosphorus (P)An impurity that requires control because excessive levels can adversely affect casting integrity. |
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